PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.